To go along with the piece I wrote earlier today (here), the bond market appears to have picked up on the theme of deflation. The 30-year US Treasury bond rocketed upward in price to more than 118 and a half by today’s market close, and much of the move came late in the day.
This price corresponds to an interest-rate of 3.49% for the long bond. Just this morning, it was trading to yield over 3.90%. For the bond to drop over 40 basis points of yield in a single day is simply unheard of.
If this pricing holds up (and bond yields have been exceptionally volatile for many months now), it indicates at the very least that there is now an expectation that inflation will be non-existent for years into the future.
But I don’t think that’s the whole picture here.
There’s an arcane interest rate called a “swap spread.” It’s a way of pricing plain vanilla interest-rate swaps (the kind where you receive a fixed rate of interest for some period of time on a nominal amount of money, and in return you pay a floating rate, perhaps 6-month LIBOR).
You can think of a swap as roughly equivalent to purchasing a fixed-income security with short-term borrowed money. So it’s useful to compare the fixed swap rate on any given day with the US Treasury rate, at the corresponding point on the yield curve.
And that gives you an interest rate measured in basis points that is generally taken to indicate the credit risk of a typical AA-rated bank. (Since such banks are often the ones who pay on swaps.)
The 30-year swap spread (meaning, the difference in the interest rate on a 30-year swap and a 30-year Treasury bond) has been running slightly below zero for several days now. The swap, in other words, is priced as if it were more valuable than the bond.
This is senseless (and in fact has long been considered mathematically impossible) because a swap has credit risk and a Treasury bond doesn’t. Can you imagine borrowing money, and having the lender pay you interest instead of the other way around? And besides, wouldn’t you guess that someone will always find a way to arbitrage away a negative interest rate?
Negative interest rates are very occasionally seen in overnight repo, depending on the collateral, in times of severe stress. But not in swap.
Today, however, the 30-year spread got even more negative. In fact, it plunged all the way to NEGATIVE 60 basis points, according to some reports. This is almost as surprising as a shattered window pane jumping back together by itself.
The only way this can be possible, that I can imagine anyway, is if large numbers of investors are being forced to liquidate positions, for some reason. It’s known that fixed-income professionals use all kinds of arcane mathematical strategies to trade the shape of the yield curve. Something must be happening to make a lot of those trades go bad all at once. And something must be forcing lots of people to get liquid at once, even if they have to take extraordinary mispricings to do it.
And that tells me that we’re witnessing a temporary, short-lived effect. But it’s like a major volcanic eruption, or a nine-magnitude earthquake. It won’t last for a very long time, but it will produce a completely unpredictable amount of lasting damage. We’re likely to see wild swings in all markets, in both directions, over the next few days and weeks until this washes out.
Pass the popcorn, everyone. We’re witnessing history being made.
-Francis Cianfrocca
Steve Maley
Neil Stevens
Daniel Horowitz
Don't shoot the messenger
E Pluribus Unum (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 7:30PM EST (link)Francis, it’s gotta suck, being you sometimes. You were calling the Fannie/Freddie disaster months ahead of time. And this, well…. bleh. It’s a rotten time to be ANYBODY, but I know it’s especially no fun having a front-row seat to this slow-motion train wreck.
So is this global economic disaster ultimately, truly all or mostly a spinoff of the subprime lending antics ? Was it really that avoidable, if the clock were wound back 36 months and real-live grownups left in charge?
Kill the Terrorists
Protect the Borders
Punch the Hippies h/t IMAO
Reality
WSG Thursday, November 20th at 7:36PM EST (link)A mentor of mine saw BHO’s( a radical socialist) possible election and decided to dump some assets a few weeks prior to the election based on the intention of our President Elect to jack the Cap Gains tax.
I presume that the bond market histrionics could be a reflection of the same fear on a greater scale now that we are 100% looking at an Obamunism attack on what is left of the “free market.”
Thank you Blackhedd
persiflage Thursday, November 20th at 7:39PM EST (link)for that summary. As a decades-long investor, I noticed some of that action in the bonds today, and my reaction was…well, fairly unprintable. Bravos for the clear reportage.
“A republic, if you can keep it…” – B. Franklin
This is the kind of stuff that frightens the you-know-what out of me.
Kenny Solomon (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 7:45PM EST (link)Derivatives, swaps, hedges, Spider’s, mortgage-backed assets and all the other “products” as they’re called.
“The Street” couldn’t leave well-enough alone with the stock market, mutual funds and bonds…………..Nooooooooooooooooo.
We had to get fancy, didn’t we.
“N’th Degree Micro-Minutia” investments for every aspect of money and when some bizarre investment realm was thought of, all of a sudden, there was an “expert” somewhere talking about it as if the bread slicer was just re-invented.
Guess what?
I’m not passing the popcorn, I’m passing the ammunition.
This isn’t a game anymore, it’s our country’s existence.
Scary
Mike Gray Thursday, November 20th at 7:56PM EST (link)I read the original piece and this one, of course, and I’m getting a sinking feeling. Admittedly, economics is not my strongest suit, but I know enough to know that this could be bad.
Hunting down the RINOs at rinosafari.com
Francis,
MORepublican (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 8:12PM EST (link)Thank you for these economic updates. I get the basic premise of these, even though I don’t understand many of the technical terms. It seems like we’re screwed ’08-’11 at least.
Will you let us know when it is time to start burying our money in the backyard, please? (I’m only half-kidding on this request.)
“Free Government Requires Active Citizens”
Pass the ammo to who??
izoneguy (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 8:22PM EST (link)I would love to gear up also.
Problam is, I don’t know who to shoot.
Are we expecting an invasion or something more like a
madmax movie?
The point cannot be made often enough: Modern liberalism, as embodied in the Obama presidency, is the defender of the status quo. And the status quo is a road to economic ruin. Political forces cannot redistribute the wealth that the economic system does not produce.
If you're going to start burying
alchemist17 (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 8:30PM EST (link)Make sure to include some gold/silver as well, and maybe some firearms. No way to know what a Federal Reserve Note will be worth if TSHTF – Gold and Guns are always valuable.
What scares me with all of this isn’t the Democrats professed plans – we survived FDR, LBJ, and Carter, and we can survive Obama. What really worries me is that nobody (especially in government) really has a handle on what’s going on, and we seem to have a bias towards “doing something” to fix the situation regardless of whether or not it will help. In a market plagued with enough uncertainty as it is I’m concerned that the potentially random government actions are merely pouring kerosene onto the fire.
ugh...that's my reaction...nt
I was a retread named Zombie Flanders / randomkid. Thursday, November 20th at 8:33PM EST (link)"Doing Something"
Mike Gray Thursday, November 20th at 8:44PM EST (link)You’re exactly right.
I’m convinced that the decades of “do something” attitude have put us in this position and will continue to dig the hole deeper.
Think about it – we trust elected officials, most of whom are lawyers or career politicians, with the economy when even actual economists disagree at times about causes and effects.
If you came to me with car trouble, I could pick up some tools and look like I was “doing something”, but I guarantee that it wouldn’t be running again when I got finished with it. In all likelihood it would be in much worse shape.
Hunting down the RINOs at rinosafari.com
If I knew.................
Kenny Solomon (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 8:49PM EST (link)…………..I’d list ‘em here.
I’m not even remotely happy thinking that there’s even a 1/10 of 1% chance a civil war/revolution to take back our country will break out. But man oh Manischewitz, something’s not right and the inward spiral is getting tighter and faster by the day.
Actually, swaps aren't all that fancy
Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 9:32PM EST (link)They’ve been around for decades and everyone uses them. A swap is pretty much the simplest kind of derivative there is. There’s a lot of stuff out there that’s a lot more exotic.
Although I don't give investment advice here...
Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 9:40PM EST (link)…let me make a general point. This is especially because I know I tend to scare the hell out of people.
The future course of financial markets is uncertain. That’s not to say that it’s bad. Uncertainty means we don’t know what will happen, and the upside risk is just as large as the downside risk.
The stock market could rise 1000 points tomorrow, and it wouldn’t surprise me in the least. Of course it could keep falling too, and that wouldn’t be a surprise either.
The most defensive thing you can do until the picture clarifies is to keep your money in cash, in an FDIC-insured account at a commercial bank.
You will in all likelihood not suffer great losses in real purchasing power if you hold your money in cash, because inflationary expectations are muted at worst. And you’re likely to get a reasonable rate of interest on deposits in the future, because banks will be competing to attract them.
I’m not a fan of gold or silver. Over time, they’ve proven to be terrible investments. I do NOT believe the world will end.
However, if you feel strongly that stocks are undervalued, and you get corroborating advice from an adviser that you trust, then go for it. But under no circumstances use any leverage to buy stock.
Blackhedd, what would you do?
Robert L. Mayo (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 10:52PM EST (link)Your analysis has been very helpful for us in understanding (at least some) of the financial collapse.
Analysis is necessary, but I think we’d also all be interested in prescription.
If you were in charge, what steps would you take to fix this mess and get our economy moving again?
Robert L. Mayo
Dream no small dreams for they have no power to move the hearts of men.
- Goethe
And Jewelry. And Art.
IJB Thursday, November 20th at 11:42PM EST (link)That’s the stuff you horde, along with gold and silver.
Thank you, Francis.
MORepublican (Diary) Thursday, November 20th at 11:54PM EST (link)Yes, you do tend to scare me a little bit with your posts, but if it’s the truth (and I think it is), then so be it. A cold dose of economic reality is good.
I would actually love to buy stocks now, because I am only in my early 30s, and I know over the course of 30+ years, when I would retire, those stocks will be worth more than today (more than likely at least). Just don’t have the money to do so, coming off being laid off for 10 months until recently (darn good thing I got a job when I did). Plus, at this time, my investments are affordable losses, in that if I lose money, I am not out of house and home. I treat the markets like a riverboat casino, but with no flashy lights and smoke-filled casino halls. If I can afford the loss, then it’s an acceptable gamble.
I agree about “Doing Something” as well. The best thing to do is nothing in most cases, it seems.
“Free Government Requires Active Citizens”
Sinking ship
MNConservative (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 1:39AM EST (link)Francis, I don’t think the bond market is indicating an expectation of no inflation. Normally yes, but right now no.
Here’s why: For many investors who are trying to get OUT of the stock market, there is no other choice but to put the money into bonds, particularly if one’s investment is a 401k. I moved my 401k investments to bonds back in the spring, but I would have withdrawn if I could have.
Think of it this way… when the Titanic was sinking, part of the ship had a brief period of elevation, just like the bond market now. But the vast amount of currency the Fed will be creating in order to bail out various sectors of this economy will cause the value of the dollar to sink beneath the waves, especially once it’s no longer accepted as the world reserve currency. More and more dollars chasing after fewer and fewer goods and services.
Look at the action in TIPS
Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 2:24AM EST (link)The spread between the Treasury’s inflation-indexed bonds (called “TIPS”) and straight bonds narrowed to nearly zero yesterday at the 10-year maturity, and just above zero at 30 years. That indicates reduced inflation expectations.
As with all financial markets, the bond market reflects chaos and uncertainty right now, probably more than fundamentals. You’re right about that.
You’re quite absolutely right, also, that US Treasury debt has caught a sustained bid over the course of the year, but only part of it is because of investors fleeing the stock market.
Stock markets are small relative to bond markets, and the latter generally leads the former.
In fact, stock investors have shown recent evidence that they’re crowding into corporate bonds with a roughly 10-year duration, in preference to Treasuries.
There have been massive shifts of “official” (sovereign and central-bank) holdings of agency debt (Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac) into US Treasuries. This flow appears to have been remarkably large over the last several months, although it’s very hard to measure.
The traditional buyers of US mortgages are telling you that they’re not interested in doing that anymore. The American Dream of homeownership is effectively taxpayer-financed at this point in time.
In Which Something Is PURE Panic...
kowalski (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 6:02AM EST (link)The S&P 500 dropped below 1997 levels and in the past two days the DJIA has dropped 10.6%, the largest drop since the 1987 crash.
It’s simple: the market is trying to find the next bottom after the now virtually guaranteed bankruptcy of one or more of the Big Three automakers.
Everyone is running for the exits and they aren’t stopping at the coat room to check if they’ve actually retrieved their wool/cashmere overcoat and the wife’s fur on the way out the door: they’re taking whatever the dude hands them as they run into the street, on their way to getting flattened by the cars that are zooming out of the parking lot driven by people who didn’t check to see if it was actually their car on their way out of Dodge.
If we didn’t want an automotive bailout, this is the market’s reaction. It’s as simple as that.
I’m betting the bottom is somewhere around 6,000-6,500. We’re going to be living back in 1997. Ten years of wealth wiped away like it never existed. Half a generation’s worth of work down the drain.
Defend Liberty — Join the NRA | Live in Massachusetts? Join GOAL.
Cash is king
hunter (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 7:15AM EST (link)WE got nearly everything out back in August of 2007, in no small part thanks to you.
Now if I just had more of that kingdom….
hunter
My radio guru
redneck_hippie (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 8:00AM EST (link)reported over the past two weekends that the hedge funds were being forced to liquidate and that until they are done, the market will slide. I sure hope they are about done with that.
I like to cover all bases ...
alchemist17 (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 8:49AM EST (link)I’m not suggesting that the world will end tomorrow, and I think it’s highly likely that we’ll pull through somehow once the pound of flesh has been paid.
By the time you’re looking a burying money in the yard, you’re really looking at a crisis that has moved beyond the current financial/stock market crisis and into some level of societal breakdown. It’s hard to predict how a major crisis would develop, but I can say that my confidence in the government handling it well are falling fast.
In such a situation, it’s far from unlikely that paper money will be significantly depreciated from current values – through much of the country’s history irredeemable paper currency traded at a discount to gold/silver currency.
I fully accept that this isn’t an “investment” response, but rather some level of insurance against what would be a truly horrific breakdown of society. If you can spare the cash and it brings peace of mind that you have options even if the worst comes, it’s hard for me to call it a bad investment.
You're talking about a drastic societal breakdown
Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 9:13AM EST (link)I’m just not ready to even think about that, and I don’t think I ever will be.
Imagining a world in which US dollars are ahrply devalued from today’s levels (in terms of real purchasing power) requires you also to posit a total breakdown everywhere in the world. One of the distinctive features of this whole crisis has been the great degree to which the rest of the world sold off risky assets and bought dollars.
In the meantime, gold will still be what it is today: just another industrial commodity facing lower prices because of reduced demand from a slower economy.
I agree and I'm not buying gold (nt).
kowalski (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 9:35AM EST (link).
Defend Liberty — Join the NRA | Live in Massachusetts? Join GOAL.
It's a parachute I hope to never use
alchemist17 (Diary) Friday, November 21st at 10:03AM EST (link)Unfortunately I’m one who can imagine it (although I still think it’s unlikely). If it were just the current financial crisis I wouldn’t be too worried. But I’m also looking at the possibilities of nuclear terrorism, growing unassimilated Muslim populations in Europe, crashing entitlements world-wide with no acceptable answer for their reform, and the growth of “rights” that somehow need to be funded.
I also look at history and how difficult it can be to pull out of a tailspin or hyperinflation – it seems to me that any idiot could see that once your inflation rate exceeds 500 quintillion percent that you may need to try something different. Of course, I’d also have thought that lending money to people who can’t pay you back was also a clear dumb move, so what do I know?
I very much hope that we can resolve our current issues effectively and preserve the general global framework and society that exists today, and patch the cracks and fractures as they come. But I have very limited influence over this, and can look to history to see that we aren’t always successful in this endeavor.
Can the market handle all the
mdetlh (Diary) Saturday, November 22nd at 7:53AM EST (link)treasuries that will hit the market thanks to the bail out?
My reading leads me to believe that the Treasury yields will rise due to lack of enough buyers of US treasury debt when the supply hits the markets.