A Few Important Questions for Mr. Paulson and Mr. Bernanke


A Tale of Two Financial Crises

We’re now into our second day of market reactions to the Treasury and Fed’s Troubled Assets Relief Program (“TARP”), or if you prefer, Mother of All Bailouts (“MOAB”). Market reaction in general is quite positive, which I’ll get to shortly. But the action is moving to Capitol Hill, where Paulson and Bernanke need to convince Congress to pass enabling legislation for the plan before they leave on Friday to face the voters. I’ll tell you how that’s going so far. And I’ll also tell you what questions Congress needs to ask, so that we all can get a better understanding of how the TARP will actually work.

Two Crises

We face not one but two financial crises: a liquidity crisis and a credit crisis.

Both ultimately stem from declines in the value of securities and derivatives that are based on mortgages. But the liquidity crisis primarily affects the financial system in the near term, while the credit crisis affects the larger economy and is a longer-term problem.

And markets have responded favorably to news of the TARP, because it’s widely expected to relieve the near-term disruptions that have rolled through the financial world like one Category-5 hurricane after another.

The reason markets are in acute crisis is because the failure or near-failure of so many important institutions (including Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, AIG Insurance, and many others) makes normal trading impossible.

You can’t trade with someone you’re not sure won’t be bankrupt tonight. And when “someone” is just about every big name out there, that means you practically can’t trade with anyone.

The Darkest Night

That drives a flight into the safest and most liquid assets, even at the cost of losing money. In the darkest hours of the crisis last week, which came as you were asleep on Wednesday night and Thursday morning, interest rates on short-term Treasury debt became literally negative for brief periods of time.

And money-markets showed nearly half a trillion dollars in sell orders that night, by some accounts. If this hadn’t been stemmed by an extraordinary intervention by the Federal Reserve at 3am EDT that morning, it’s possible that there might not have been enough money in the bank for the company where you work to open its doors that morning.

To say that we came to the edge of Armageddon last week may be understating the case.

Pulling Out The Biggest Weapon

After 24 hours of extreme tension, the Treasury leaked word of the TARP, an extraordinary program that will borrow money from world markets, guaranteed by the taxpayers, to buy up to 700 billion dollars’ worth of a range of distressed assets from financial firms.

That news broke on Thursday afternoon around 3pm EDT. It was the source of the roughly 800-point rally in US stock markets that you heard about, and of the nearly orgasmic sigh of relief that went up from trading desks all over lower Manhattan and elsewhere.

By Friday morning, the interest rate on short-dated discount Treasury debt had gone from around 5 basis points (a level last seen in the days following World War II) to a still low but workable 95 BPs or so, where it stands this morning.

For now, markets have stabilized and the fever has broken.

And an acrimonious debate has broken out over the details of the plan. The action shifts down the Atlantic corridor from New York to Washington.

The Debate in Congress

Many well-respected conservatives are dead-set against the plan, which of course is blatant socialism just as the RTC was. These voices are screaming at the top of their lungs that the TARP should not go forward.

These people need to look at the consequences of the instantaneous return to extreme market instability that would take place if they got their wish. This bailout plan is an absolute requirement.

Many liberals, on the other hand, are seeing an opportunity to embed once again the perception that free markets just don’t work. They’re trying to load the TARP special legislation with a raft of Democratic goodies, including more handouts for people facing foreclosure, additional funding for the hard-left ACORN and other “community organizing” groups, and more support for cities that face revenue shortfalls as foreclosures rise.

Secretary Paulson and Chairman Bernanke spent a good part of the weekend on Capitol Hill with key lawmakers from both parties, answering their questions about the TARP bailout plan. (Or not answering them, depending on who you ask.)

The basic idea, according to draft legislation that I saw on Saturday, is that Treasury will set up a two-year program to purchase a broad range of assets from financial firms. The purchases will be funded by sales of Treasury debt, which of course are guaranteed by the taxpayers.

It’s reminiscent of the RTC of the late Eighties and early Nineties, which purchased the assets of failed savings-and-loan associations for pennies on the dollar, and then sold them off over time. The end result of the RTC was that taxpayers made a profit, and it’s more than likely that the TARP will end doing the same thing.

But there are some critical questions about how the TARP will work.

Questions for Mr. Paulson and Mr. Bernanke

The biggest and most important questions regard the valuation at which the mortgage-backed securities will be purchased from the participating banks and Wall St. firms.

How many pennies on the dollar? And who will make that determination?

Banks and Wall Street firms are suffering because they own large amounts of mortgage-backed securities and related derivatives that are now worth less than they paid for them. The losses mean that they can’t go forward from here and fund new investments in productive business activity.

Ideally, you’d want to sell off your bad assets and either continue life with a smaller balance sheet, or else raise additional equity capital to start growing again. Neither option is available as things stand.

The point of the TARP is to provide a bid for the bad mortgage-based assets that, in Paulson’s words, are “clogging the balance sheets” of many financial institutions. He wants to provide a market so that financial firms can sell these assets and get on with life.

The price at which they will be sold is all-important. Get it too low, and you’ll put a lot of firms out of business, because they will be forced to realize capital losses they can’t recover from.

Get it too high, and you’ll be doing two extremely bad things: you’ll be rewarding banks and Wall Street for making bad decisions; and you’ll expose the taxpayers to losses and inflation.

So the key question for Paulson and Bernanke is: who will be determining the valuation? You want above all to make sure that this job is done right, which means getting the best available people from the private sector to do it. How will they be compensated, and what are their incentives?

Already Barney Frank is saying that the people who do the valuation must not be allowed to make a lot of money. How do you get really top people on that basis? Given the dire implications of getting this wrong, it’s charitable to say that Mr. Frank is being shortsighted and probably a little vindictive.

The really deep problem I have, however, is this: what if the true, correct valuation of distressed mortgage-backed assets is actually very, very low? Like, say, five or ten cents on the dollar?

This outcome, if it happens, would be reflective of the fact that the housing industry significantly overbuilt, in response to the price bubble that burst in 2006. And that’s a misallocation of resources that simply can’t be willed away by bailouts, taxpayer handouts to Democratic constituencies, or fairy dust.

If that indeed is where we are, then the TARP will solve the near-term liquidity crisis, but not the longer-term credit crisis. And the US may be facing a long, possibly multiyear period of very slow economic growth.

A lot like what Japan has gone through after their real-estate bubble popped. In Japan, they call it “The Lost Decade.”

All eyes on Ben Bernanke at this point. A close student of the Great Depression, he understands deflation as few others do. He’ll be mouthing the same words as Paulson, to get us through this immediate crisis.

But does he really believe we’re addressing the longer-term problem? That’s a question I’d dearly like to know the true answer to.

-Francis Cianfrocca


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42 Comments Leave a comment

a few points...

Jack (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 6:20AM EST (link)

I am very glad that you identified that this is a financial and liquidity crises not an economic crises.
I would feel much better if a few of these people who were supposed to be regulating all of this were saying we will pass this legislation and then resign (no I am not holding my breath on this one).
This is the question I have which is the greatest evil the economic blow of adding over a trillion dollars to the national debt or this bailout plan? I mean does anyone really believe that the Democrats won’t load this bill with enough pork to give every man, woman, and child in this country clogged arteries for generations to come.
From my seat I would prefer that the Federal Government stand behind the banks and let them recapitalize then take on $600 billion of bad paper.
I agree that something has to be done but I do not believe that the bailout is the right way to do it.

Jack

“If at age 20 you are conservative you have no heart. It at age 30 you are liberal you have no brains.” Sir Winston Churchill

It's not yet known whether this is an economic crisis

Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 6:27AM EST (link)

We have to do the bailout, unless you’re in favor of massive redemptions from money-market funds, which would have immediate and devastating effects on the indistrial economy.

But we don’t yet know just what it will take to recover from housing overcapacity. There’s a possibility that we’ll be working off this backlog for years to come.

That would indeed be an economic crisis.

 
 

why do you believe...

Jack (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 6:51AM EST (link)

the government is the best agent to do this? The banks and investment houses have a liquidity problem more then anything else.

Why not just guarantee their stability and give them enough money to recapitalize and allow them to work off the bad debt they have created?

Why should the federal government and the taxpayers actually the become the largest landlords in the history of the planet?

I do not doubt the urgency or the immediacy of this or that it is a crises. I do doubt and have serious qualms about writing a blank check to the same people who squandered their money and now they want even more money (my money) to screw with.

Jack

“If at age 20 you are conservative you have no heart. It at age 30 you are liberal you have no brains.” Sir Winston Churchill

 

Paulson

Scope (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:05AM EST (link)

Paulson was the former CEO of Goldman Sachs and now I read that Goldman Sachs and J P Morgan will be considered Bank Holding Companies, what does that mean for Goldman Sachs in particular?

You said that this bailout plan will be purchasing “assets.” Aren’t they buying only the “toxic debts” of the companies involved, as the valuation of the bad mortgages has not been determined? What is happening to the true assets of these companies such as AIG?

While I am no fan of Barney Frank, shouldn’t there be some fair way of determining the compensation of those that will be involved? Wasn’t it a major problem with the compensation of the Fannie and Freddy heads to begin with? Also, who will choose those people to accomplish these goals? Cronyism has been a major problem with this administration, and who knows what favors will be handed out by the next administration.

Paulson will be gone in about 3 months unless the next president keeps him on. I have a problem with him asking for massive powers in order to accomplish his goals. He is growing the government and instituting more government institutions. Yes, I see that as Socialism in your face. Obviously the Democrats want our country Socialized in every way ASAP.

I have a problem with this “Plan” in that they want no oversight, and it is above any court of law including the Supreme Court!

Just where does this majority Democrat Congress think the additional monies will come from for their goodies such as ACORN support? Our debt was massive to begin with and we just keep going out in the back yard and plucking more greenbacks from the tree. Our currency will soon be worth very little.

Is this “plan” another bailout for the foreign investors such as China, as was the Fanny and Freddie bailout?

My fear is that the Democrats will add a provision in this bill to extend the ban in off-shore drilling. They know Bush is desperate for this bill to pass, and I can see him giving in to them.

 

Don't forget the gov't housing policy

edmartinonline (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:08AM EST (link)

We should not forget that the government encouraged home ownership by those unable to handle it economically. Perhaps it is fitting, albeit extremely troubling, that the ball now rests back on the government’s plate.

Let’s face it, credit has been extended to people who have no business being that deep in debt. It all may look good on someone’s balance sheet, but at the end of the day it is either a good loan or a bad loan and the risk should justify the reward.

Well… now we, the taxpayers, are going to take a risk and hopefully at the end of the day when these loans and/or assets are eventually sold, we may make money or we will have done the MOAB as you state. The jury will be out for a while.

As a conservative I am predisposed against big government regulation, but we had better take a good hard look at the rules of this game. I have a problem when a company that is publicy traded and does not perform rewards its staff and top executives in the manner in which some have been rewarded. There is a degree of accountability to the shareholders, ie. us.
www.edmartinonline.com

 

What do you say to William Isaac?

JSobieski (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:15AM EST (link)

Are accounting rules a fundamental cause of the current crisis?

http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB122178603685354943-lMyQjAxMDI4MjIxMjcyODI2Wj.html

http://www.redstate.com/diaries/jsobieski/2008/sep/22/is-the-financial-crisis-the-result-of-account/

My rules of the road for primary season.
Rule #1: Vote for YOUR first choice in the primaries
Rule #2: Vote for the R in the general.
Rule #3: Don’t let anyone convince you to violate Rule #1 or Rule #2
Rule #4: When in a center-right argument, reaffirm Rules #1-#3–it will help us all to get along better.
Rule #5: If you are using the language of the left, you probably aren’t furthering conservativism
Rule #6: The priority is issues first, candidates second, and supporters third. Nobody is bigger than the issues. Conversely, if you spend your time focusing on supporters, you are wasting everyone’s time.

STOP THE MADNESS!

A reduction in the rate of spending increases is NOT a cut!
In-state tuition for illegals is NOT amnesty!
Requiring someone to pay their medical bills is NOT an individual mandate!
Reducing tax rates is NOT a tax increase!

No, I don't think so

Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:19AM EST (link)

The financial system as a whole has a liquidity problem, but one of the reasons for it is that banks and Wall St. firms have a solvency problem.

Don’t underestimate the danger of that. If you don’t have enough balance sheet, you can’t create any credit.

According to my information, the Treasury isn’t receptive to your suggestion, which is to simply recapitalize the banks and the shadow banks. That’s what they did with AIG, on the day before the money markets went totally bananas. I don’t blame them for reaching for a blanket solution, as opposed to doing AIG five hundred times.

The way they’re doing it will produce a vastly lesser amount of socialism. Your way would necessarily involve a direct government takeover of much of the financial system because of the need to take its equity.

I second the motion

buddha1556 Monday, September 22nd at 7:20AM EST (link)

I was going to ask a similar question. This seems like someone lost all of their money at a casino. Then mgmt. takes money from everyone else(even those that aren’t gambling), gives it to the big loser, and says, “Please keep gambling.” At what point does the Fed stop acting as an enabler?

Why must these companies that made bad decisions already be permitted to start unfettered borrowing/lending of more money? Is there no middle ground that allows for market stablization, but still makes way for these companies to take enough lumps to lessen the possibility that this will happen again?

Also, it’s my understanding that most of this can be traced to Clinton legistlation that essentially mandates the loaning of money to unqualified candidates in the interest of “fairness.” Is there any hope of this being repealed, or at least scaled back in conjuction with this liquidation legislation?

Sorry, I don't have time to read that article

Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:29AM EST (link)

But the accounting-rules issue is one of the contributing elements of the perfect storm, and not the root cause.

The VaR and mark-to-market rules that so many people have come out against have being worked on for a very long time, and they’re there for very good reasons. It would be a mistake to throw them out. Ironically, the big push for these rules was the Long-Term crisis.

In 1998, the problem was that no one knew their true exposure at any point in time because certain asset classes had no reliable marks-to-market. That caused everyone to be suspicious of the health of their trading partners, so they tended to sell first and ask questions later.

Now, the problem is more that people are seeing marks-to-market that are derived from distress transactions, which tends to create unrealistically low capital positions and triggers technical defaults. This needs adjustment, but not a return to the pre-1998 system.

Back in 1998 when it hit, the Long-Term crisis was viewed as the biggest, most evil and most incomprehensible thing to hit world markets in a long time.
When I started calling the current crisis back in June of 2007, I whispered that there were distinctive parallels to 1998, which is why I got so scared.

Now we know that the Long-Term crisis was like a pimple on a mosquito compared to this one.

Look, I think the way they're doing it is more free-market than the alternatives

Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:37AM EST (link)

What they’re saying is: “We’ll create a bid for the distressed paper you currently can’t sell.”

It’s not a bailout if the valuation is done correctly. If Treasury overpays, then it’s a bailout and the taxpayers will have subsidized the loss that should be born by Wall St.

Now think it through. If you’re a hedge fund or a bank or whoever, and you sell a big pile of stinky paper to the taxpayers for five cents on the dollar, you will recognize a huge capital loss.

At that point, you have a much smaller balance sheet than you started with. Your choice is to either go out of business, or raise more capital from private investors.

And those private investors will only put fresh capital into those firms that have solid, high-quality teams. Everyone else will go down.

The free market at work.

The Treasury is going about this the right way.

That makes sense

buddha1556 Monday, September 22nd at 7:47AM EST (link)

I took note of the stress you put on valuation previously. I will now ingrain that into my understanding. Thanks for the explanation.

this is my entire point...

Jack (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:49AM EST (link)

The problems that created this perfect storm as you called it are complex, varied, and multitudinous. This nightmare did not come about over the last quarter. This was 70 years in the making.

I fear that this is just another band aid and 10 to 20 years from now we will be hearing the sky is falling, the sky is falling all over again. That is why I am not so sure that it would not be best to let the dammed thing crash and start all lover from scratch.

Please I know full well the ramifications of this. I know the jumping from the skyscrapers scenario that everyone predicts. The non existent mom and pop stores that will go bankrupt. The tears at the kitchen tables that no one has sat at since 1955.

There is also something nagging at me that maybe, just maybe like all the sky is falling rhetoric it is overblown.

Frankly I am more concerned about the government doing another bailout then the unknown of not doing it. I am more concerned of the baby boomer generation hitting retirement age when the government is already 7 trillion dollars in debt to the Social Security Administration already. I am tired of the so called experts telling me gee this is broken and here is the easy fix.

There are no easy fixes. Let the dammed thing fail. The American people might surprise all of the experts and rise above this in ways no one ever considered. Right now I have more faith in the American people then Paulson, Bernanke, or these simpletons from Wall Street.

Jack

“If at age 20 you are conservative you have no heart. It at age 30 you are liberal you have no brains.” Sir Winston Churchill

Not in the least

mikefisk (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:52AM EST (link)

While I am no fan of Barney Frank, shouldn’t there be some fair way of determining the compensation of those that will be involved?

Unless you like the government stepping in further to regulate industry, then no. Compensation is a matter left to a company’s shareholders and their boards. If they give their execs a golden parachute, the shareholders are well within their rights to make heads roll on that board. Just how it’s always been.

“Once within the maw of Leviathan, degree of digestion is irrelevant.” – Michael Fisk

9.25, -4.77

Thats a shame, since the article really seemed to make sense

JSobieski (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 7:55AM EST (link)

If the bad thing about the absence of mark-to-market rules is the absence of clear market signals, then how are the overly harsh and negative market signals resulting from the mark-to-market rules not far worse?

Why does it matter what an asset is valued on a particular day if I am not inclined to sell it?

I have no doubt that my home mortgage is temporarily upside down, and that it will remain upside down for the next couple of years.

If forced to account in a mark-to-market basis, I am insolvent and need to immediately file for Chapter 11.

Yet, I am actually doing quite well, I just can’t sell the house.

Not saying that accounting rules are the true cause of the crisis, but the accounting rules do seem to constitute a large cumbustible quantity of material and the match of that material is the decrease in demand for mortgage-backed securities.

My rules of the road for primary season.
Rule #1: Vote for YOUR first choice in the primaries
Rule #2: Vote for the R in the general.
Rule #3: Don’t let anyone convince you to violate Rule #1 or Rule #2
Rule #4: When in a center-right argument, reaffirm Rules #1-#3–it will help us all to get along better.
Rule #5: If you are using the language of the left, you probably aren’t furthering conservativism
Rule #6: The priority is issues first, candidates second, and supporters third. Nobody is bigger than the issues. Conversely, if you spend your time focusing on supporters, you are wasting everyone’s time.

STOP THE MADNESS!

A reduction in the rate of spending increases is NOT a cut!
In-state tuition for illegals is NOT amnesty!
Requiring someone to pay their medical bills is NOT an individual mandate!
Reducing tax rates is NOT a tax increase!

What are the options for adjusting the rules?

JSobieski (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 8:02AM EST (link)

What is the solution for “distress transactions, which tends to create unrealistically low capital positions and triggers technical defaults. This needs adjustment, but not a return to the pre-1998 system”?

If an adjustment is required, what are the options?

My rules of the road for primary season.
Rule #1: Vote for YOUR first choice in the primaries
Rule #2: Vote for the R in the general.
Rule #3: Don’t let anyone convince you to violate Rule #1 or Rule #2
Rule #4: When in a center-right argument, reaffirm Rules #1-#3–it will help us all to get along better.
Rule #5: If you are using the language of the left, you probably aren’t furthering conservativism
Rule #6: The priority is issues first, candidates second, and supporters third. Nobody is bigger than the issues. Conversely, if you spend your time focusing on supporters, you are wasting everyone’s time.

STOP THE MADNESS!

A reduction in the rate of spending increases is NOT a cut!
In-state tuition for illegals is NOT amnesty!
Requiring someone to pay their medical bills is NOT an individual mandate!
Reducing tax rates is NOT a tax increase!

What kind of adjustments would you propose?

JSobieski (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 8:05AM EST (link)

It seems like some kind of “adjustment” in the mark-to-market rule needs to be made to avoid imputing distress sale prices to all assets.

If a financial instrument is not in default, why should it be valued at a hypothetical purchase price instead of the NPV (minus a discount for risk) of the projected payments?

My rules of the road for primary season.
Rule #1: Vote for YOUR first choice in the primaries
Rule #2: Vote for the R in the general.
Rule #3: Don’t let anyone convince you to violate Rule #1 or Rule #2
Rule #4: When in a center-right argument, reaffirm Rules #1-#3–it will help us all to get along better.
Rule #5: If you are using the language of the left, you probably aren’t furthering conservativism
Rule #6: The priority is issues first, candidates second, and supporters third. Nobody is bigger than the issues. Conversely, if you spend your time focusing on supporters, you are wasting everyone’s time.

STOP THE MADNESS!

A reduction in the rate of spending increases is NOT a cut!
In-state tuition for illegals is NOT amnesty!
Requiring someone to pay their medical bills is NOT an individual mandate!
Reducing tax rates is NOT a tax increase!

What kind of adjustments would you propose?

JSobieski (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 8:05AM EST (link)

It seems like some kind of “adjustment” in the mark-to-market rule needs to be made to avoid imputing distress sale prices to all assets.

If a financial instrument is not in default, why should it be valued at a hypothetical purchase price instead of the NPV (minus a discount for risk) of the projected payments?

My rules of the road for primary season.
Rule #1: Vote for YOUR first choice in the primaries
Rule #2: Vote for the R in the general.
Rule #3: Don’t let anyone convince you to violate Rule #1 or Rule #2
Rule #4: When in a center-right argument, reaffirm Rules #1-#3–it will help us all to get along better.
Rule #5: If you are using the language of the left, you probably aren’t furthering conservativism
Rule #6: The priority is issues first, candidates second, and supporters third. Nobody is bigger than the issues. Conversely, if you spend your time focusing on supporters, you are wasting everyone’s time.

STOP THE MADNESS!

A reduction in the rate of spending increases is NOT a cut!
In-state tuition for illegals is NOT amnesty!
Requiring someone to pay their medical bills is NOT an individual mandate!
Reducing tax rates is NOT a tax increase!

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

edge of Armgeddon

bk (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 8:31AM EST (link)

Drudge has a link to an article about that. That got me to thinking….

Didn’t our buddy George Soros make a mint by articifically driving down the price of the pound and then scooping up pounds at low prices to drive it back up again? Are there any foreign entities – China, Middle East, maybe even Russia – who have enough power in our market to do something similar but at a grander scale?

And the government ALWAYS overpays for things we need. We still need them.

streetwise (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 8:41AM EST (link)

Defense, infrastructure, Congressional salaries. Well, I may be wrong about the last one.

The calendar is telling me that we have swaps with Lehman settling at month-end. Tell me, O Crystal Ball, what will happen? :>)

You know, streetwise, this is an argument for the God-like powers that Paulson asked for

Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 9:51AM EST (link)

If you take a hopeful view that the next Treasury Secretary will be a strong, capable individual with his head screwed on straight, then I’d rather he or she had complete control over the process. Then we have a fighting chance that this will turn out right.

But if Congress gets their mitts on it, in any way, shape or form, it will be a massive, overvalued bailout.

You can't escape market discipline

Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 10:13AM EST (link)

The argument for removing the mark-to-market requirement is that companies with MBS portfolios should be allowed to hold them to maturity, which would allow them to declare their value to be par or nearly so. That in turn would automatically increase their capital ratios, to the point that they look solvent.

Here’s the problem. You and I both know that you wouldn’t pay a plugged nickel for paper that is now being accounted for at par. That means their newly-pristine capital ratio is actually fictitious, for purposes of your counterparty-risk management.

So what would you do?

You sure as heck wouldn’t make deals with that firm. You’d sell them short, instead.

Soros made that trade by effectively selling sterling short

Francis Cianfrocca (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 10:21AM EST (link)

He made about $2 billion on the trade, if memory serves.

China has nearly $2 trillion in dollar reserves. You think they can go and sell all of that in the hopes of buying it back up again later at a lower price? And be force to recognize a capital loss as it falls?

Not bloody likely.

 
 
 
 
 

Some questions

dbingham (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 10:42AM EST (link)

Francis,

I am one of those conservatives you mentioned that are very concerned about the TARP. I am not an economist by any stretch of the imagination, but I try to stay informed and I have a few questions.

  • You mentioned that the this is probably the most “free-market” way to go about fixing the current situation. To quote you: “It’s not a bailout if the valuation is done correctly. If Treasury overpays, then it’s a bailout and the taxpayers will have subsidized the loss that should be born by Wall St.” Honestly, I understand, and even like the explanation that you gave there. Sounds very “free-market”. But…

Then subsequently, you expressed the same concern I have had all along: “But if Congress gets their mitts on it, in any way, shape or form, it will be a massive, overvalued bailout.”

So, clearly if congress gets involved, the “valuation” won’t be correct and the tax payers are up a creek, so-to-speak. If this happens (congressional fouling), is the TARP still the best approach?

  • This question will highlight my general economic ignorance. Sorry for that.

I keep hearing that NOT fixing this issue would be bad. Really, really bad. But I don’t know what that actually means. Are we talking about a crash so bad that it shuts down every major industry in the country, or would it be confined to the financial sector? Don’t get me wrong, I know that a crash of the financial sector would be terrible and everyone else would feel it, but if the rest of the economy would survive, perhaps its worth the pain to rebuild the financial sector to keep government’s greedy hands out of things.

The general tenet is that nothing is worth giving in on the principals of conservatism, even if it means a disruption of our way of life. However, I don’t think anyone would say that destroying the country is the best approach to defending conservatism. So, at least for me, it would be VERY helpful to understand what would happen if we let the market play itself out without government intervention.

  • I know there isn’t one at the moment, but what would it take for a private entity to provide a “solution” instead of the government doing it? Is it even possible (to say nothing of feasibility)?

But if the paper is being paid on time

JSobieski (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 10:54AM EST (link)

who cares whether or not someone is willing to buy it?

I realize that people would short financial stocks, but that seams to be a weatherable storm, as opposed to what we have now.

What is worse, the people presume (Option 1) mortgage-based securities are 100% worthless when 90% of the mortgages are doing just fine, or (Option 2) that mortgage-based securities are 100% valuable when 10% are worthless.

Option 2 appears to be superior to Option 1. I realize that bad loans get stuck with whomever currently holds the paper, but if companies are allowed to fairly valuate their paper for the long term, the death stampede would be proven for what it was, an artificial bubble.

My rules of the road for primary season.
Rule #1: Vote for YOUR first choice in the primaries
Rule #2: Vote for the R in the general.
Rule #3: Don’t let anyone convince you to violate Rule #1 or Rule #2
Rule #4: When in a center-right argument, reaffirm Rules #1-#3–it will help us all to get along better.
Rule #5: If you are using the language of the left, you probably aren’t furthering conservativism
Rule #6: The priority is issues first, candidates second, and supporters third. Nobody is bigger than the issues. Conversely, if you spend your time focusing on supporters, you are wasting everyone’s time.

STOP THE MADNESS!

A reduction in the rate of spending increases is NOT a cut!
In-state tuition for illegals is NOT amnesty!
Requiring someone to pay their medical bills is NOT an individual mandate!
Reducing tax rates is NOT a tax increase!

 
 

Paulson lost my support over the weekend

Marcus_Traianus (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 11:04AM EST (link)

and also lost my respect when he professed support on FOX for the potentially $50 billion Democrat giveaway plan.

If anyone could have connected the dots for financial neophytes on how recent action did bail out everyday people, it was Hank.

In my estimation, Paulson blew it and that makes me strangely curious about his motives. It also makes me believe we should have left another crater on the Street, namely Bear Stearns. Further on that, who, in this environment, would sell MBS because of value concerns then give implicit credit guarantees to the buyer vis a vis CDS? Now that’s greed.

I would also blame Paulson for not pushing Congress hard enough on Fannie/Freddie reforms and not having the stones to loudly proclaim their inaction was nothing more than politics which greatly engangered our financial stability.

“Both of our political parties, at least the honest portion of them, agree conscientiously in the same object—the public good; but they differ essentially in what they deem the means of promoting that good. One side believes it best done by one composition of the governing powers; the other, by a different one. One fears most the ignorance of the people; the other, the selfishness of rulers independent of them. Which is right, time and experience will prove.”.Thomas Jefferson

 

What If This Really Is About Fixing The Solvency Crisis

olderthangandalf Monday, September 22nd at 11:41AM EST (link)

The third crisis, as you mention in a response to a comment, is a solvency crisis. Many, if not most, of these massive banks are effectively insolvent because of the massive losses they’ve incurred on heavily leveraged investments, although that insolvency is not yet reflected on their official balance sheets because the bad investments have not been marked all the way down or realized in the market.

Insolvency is bad for them, but also bad for the rest of us, because the economy needs a functioning banking system.

As you note, this whole scheme depends on the price at which toxic assets are purchased. As you note, it’s very near impossible to say what’s a fair price if you have concluded that the market is not functioning for that class of assets.

It seems at least possible to me that someone has decided that we really can’t do without a banking sector, and if we have to shovel a few hundred billion to them in order to restore their solvency, it’s better than letting them fail. It’s a huge reverse Robin Hood – taxing the poor to prop up the rich – but sometimes the poor need the institutions of the rich.

To do this openly, of course, would be politically unfeasible. That may be why it’s being handled the way it is being handled, where the government funded recapitalization gets buried in setting a price on assets without a clear market price.

If it were a wash for the banks – just fixing a liquidity trap – I don’t think the lobbyists would be out in force so strong and so fast. I think their taking charge of the process so openly signals that there may be more at issue here than just a temporary bridge that gets paid back with profit later.

Of course, I could be wrong, but the story as presented by Paulson just does not quite add up.

Re that last question...

streetwise (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 11:56AM EST (link)

The answer is no.

I took Scope's comment to mean

The_Gadfly (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 12:35PM EST (link)

the payment to the TARP employees, not the markets in general, providing Fannie and Freddie as examples where the lack of reasonable restraint on salaries and bonuses contributed to the problem. Of course, Freddie and Fannie also provide the counter argument as well. Part of the reason the bonuses were setup as perverse incentives was because Congress disallowed the usual market mechanisms.

The problem I have in general with the market mechanism, and the danger to the free market system as it currently exists, is that most people understand the approval mechanisms have nothing to do with market conditions. They say compensation is determined by the Board and the shareholders, but most shareholders don’t attend shareholder meetings, and most trustees are appointed by the Officers, same as the Board, so the system is circular. Moreover, somehow these boards and trustees have in a few very public instances approved very large bonuses for Executives who left companies that were doing worse when they left than when they started.

It seems an intractable problem. But to bring us back on topic, Blackhedd is correct, the compensation paid to TARP is going to have to accurately reflect market conditions for people capable of making an accurate valuation for the assets being acquired.

Still, it is only a stopgap measure. The fundamental problem remains. The value of the assets is neither 0 nor 1, it is somewhere in between and we have no experimental means of determining its value to correctly do the accounting. So even though TARP may solve the current crisis, a new one will emerge. Revising the accounting rules will be necessary, not back to 1998, but in some way that allows companies to realistically value temporarily distressed assets. How to do that remains the $64 trillion question (with apologies to the game show).

 
 
 

My Biggest Worry

sturner Monday, September 22nd at 12:51PM EST (link)

My biggest concern over this plan is the speed at which it is being put together. I just can’t fathom something that will cost this amount being thrown together so quickly. Will it have loopholes? Lack of oversight? Or just not enough details in it?

Maybe I’m wrong, but it feels like the government is running to the ATM, grabbing as much cash as they can, and just giving it to their friend in need. I would hope that something this massive that puts us at this much risk is being treated with the utmost care.

The whole thing has me pessimistic.

Right: They Ultimately Have No Idea Of The Consequences!

Strelnikov (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 1:10PM EST (link)

Just like nobody can comprehend the size of the 2.8 TRILLION Federal Budget, which is assembled by c. over 1 million bureaucrats (in theory, each bureaucrat is responsible for c. 2.8 million dollars, since a trillion is one million million, but obviously not every bureaucrat deals with budgets), nobody can comprehend or predict what the outcome will be here.

Are they following basic economic theories? Which ones? Do they know themselves?

Worse: do they believe they are in “uncharted waters” and have to make up new rules or theories for the mess?

As of November 4, 2008, the Code Words will be: “Klaatu – Borada – Nikto!”

I am completely disgusted by this

chessplayer Monday, September 22nd at 1:21PM EST (link)

bailout.

I am voting against any politician that votes for it, Democrat or Republican.

 
 
 

Mortgage asset values really pretty high?

mongol2hb Monday, September 22nd at 1:22PM EST (link)

“Spengler” at Asia Times states that banks and hedge funds offer a price MUCH greater than zero for the assets in question — 25 to 50% less than the value on the banks’ books. If so, why the need for a bailout? Just take the losses and move on.

Or are Spengler’s statements in your opinion simply false?

http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JI23Dj06.html

If this stuff had value,

chessplayer Monday, September 22nd at 1:39PM EST (link)

these Wall Street banks would be snapping them up at these “fire sale” prices.

This bailout is just one big huge government giveaway.

If this stuff had value,

chessplayer Monday, September 22nd at 1:39PM EST (link)

these Wall Street banks would be snapping them up at these “fire sale” prices.

This bailout is just one big huge government giveaway.

If this stuff had value,

chessplayer Monday, September 22nd at 1:40PM EST (link)

these Wall Street banks would be snapping them up at these “fire sale” prices.

This bailout is just one big huge government giveaway.

 
 
 
 

An Open Letter to the U.S. Congress Regarding the Current Financial Crisis: John P. Hussman, Phd

tempest Monday, September 22nd at 2:52PM EST (link)

Here is another exceptional article from John P. Hussman, PhD on the crisis that not only addresses major concerns and asks many critical questions about TARP, but also proposes a very insightful solution.

In my view this article is a must read!

http://www.hussman.net/wmc/wmc080922.htm

 

Blackhedd, I have a question...

Mrs_Evans (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 2:58PM EST (link)

First of all, I’m a stay-at-home mom who probably spends too much time on Redstate, but I have really appreciated your insights during all of this financial upheaval. I try to glean as much info as I can possibly understand.

Earlier today, on Fox News, they had a contributor (not sure who it was because I was in the other room) say that he believes that nearly 1,000 banks will fail before this is all over and that the impact on the average person is unknown. Being one of those “average persons”, what might we expect to happen? What can we do at this point to protect our family? What should we be doing, if anything? I’m trying not to be afraid, but comments like that run the risk of causing panic, I think.

Thanks, again!

I agree completely. Paulson has gone over the edge.

asleep06 (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 3:47PM EST (link)

This bailout bill is not just any bailout bill, and definitely is not restricted to $700 billion. According the bill itself, it authorizes $700 billion outstanding at any one time.

This means as long as the first $700 billion of junk assets are off the books, e.g. gets sold off somewhere, Paulson can continue buying junk assets on the taxpayer dime with no limit.

Equally insanely, Paulson would be immune to any and all review, either by an agency or by any court of law:

Sec. 8. Review.

Decisions by the Secretary pursuant to the authority of this Act are non-reviewable and committed to agency discretion, and may not be reviewed by any court of law or any administrative agency.

What the heck are we allowing to happen? Are we all made into sheep by the prospect of “financial Armageddon”? I keep hearing “Armageddon” being thrown around as a justification for any crazy policy proposal, and this one is just insanity.

Small is beautiful.

 
 

Francis--how about eliminating cap gains?

BlakeW Monday, September 22nd at 8:13PM EST (link)

I’ve been doing some thinking about this bailout and I don’t like it and think it’s beyond a lousy idea.

No matter how you slice and dice it, it’s increasing taxes when we’re sliding into a recession. (I don’t care how this is structured, Congress is going to screw this up)
I’ve come to the conclusion that everyone is looking at this the wrong way. For some reason, our government has tunnel vision and thinks the only way out is via taxes. Government is rarely, if ever, the solution to a problem like this.

I propose, as does Newt Gingrich, a complete elimination of the Cap Gains tax.

If you want to jump start the economy, I think this is the way to go. There is no way on God’s green earth I want government to have more of our tax dollars to throw away.

Rather than have government collect taxes to bail out business, how about letting business keep their money? Eliminate the middle man, so to speak.

 

Can't have it both ways

Whitfox (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 10:13PM EST (link)

If we take anti-capitalist measures to save these banks, then the banks lose the claim to ownership implied by capitalism. Their assets can and should be assigned by the government as it sees fit. That many of these banks will fail should be a goal, not something to be avoided.

Keep in mind, this crisis didn’t fall out of the blue. That there was a housing bubble was obvious for years. These institutions were either grossly negligent, or they intended to stick someone else with the eventual large bill. We would be better off with more competent and/or honest replacements. Let the old, diseased pines die so the seedlings can have some sun.

IMO, Congress would be better off making exceptional measures to handle these bankruptcies. Where possible, trading partners should come out intact. That, and the money market fund guarantee, should be enough for short-term stability.

What armegeddon would look like:

cdm (Diary) Monday, September 22nd at 10:25PM EST (link)

The following are all forms of credit:
Checks
Debit Transactions (ATM Cards)
Credit Card Purchases.

Imagine a world where everything was cash (truly cash), and how that would gum up the economy. Small business’s would not be able to buy inventory on terms. Paper checks would not be accepted (how would you know if the bank das enough money when you go to cash it?). Same for debit transactions.

In regards to the solution, only the Fed is big enough.

In terms of negotiations, Paulson has all the cards. All he has to do if he doesn’t like the terms presented by Congress is to leak to the financial media that Congress won’t play ball, and that the deal is in jepeordy. The markets will fall 500 pts in a day, and Congress will come back to the table.

Now the key thing, again, is valuation. If this is done right, it will not cost you or any other taxpayer a dime.

Thoery vs Reality

NewTexanDave Tuesday, September 23rd at 12:05AM EST (link)

I’m indirectly affected by this credit crisis myself. I have mixed feeling about this. I don’t like government bailouts but the consequence of do nothing can be really horrible.
I am buying a house that’s already 99% built. My builder has delayed the closing date indefinitely due to funding problems. They are doing very well in my area but the banks froze their funds due to builder foreclosure in other areas. Now they are more confident that they can stay afloat and finish the houses as the government coming to the rescue..It could be a real disaster without government’s help.. If many large banks fail, many businesses may not be able to continue operation just like my builder…